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Papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals

2026
  1. Barbanel, R., Caruana, N., Langdon, R., Brüne, M., & Sowman, P. F. (2026). Theory of mind skill predicts anticipatory guilt-proneness in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 1–20. PDF
  2. Georgiou, N., Delfabbro, P., Balzan, R.P. Caruana, N. & Young. R. (2026). The hyper-systemizing hypothesis: how the tendency to systemize influences conspiracy beliefs and belief inflexibility in clinical and general populations. Cognitive Processing  PDF
  3. Hechler, F. C., Caruana, N., Fahr, F., Karlek, B., Maroske, M, Misia, M, & Toumanien, O. (2006). Validating the German translation of the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory. Autism in Adulthood, 25739581251406751 PDF
2025
  1. Hechler, F. C., Tidoni, E., Stark, C., Aitken, K., Cross, E. S., & Caruana, N. (2025). Autistic and nonautistic people evaluate eye contact cues in context to identify communicative opportunities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. PDF
  2. Caruana, N., Goetz, T., Nalepka, P.& Pellicano, E. (2025). ‘Breaking down a barrier’: Autistic young people see virtual reality as a possible social support, but not a substitute for in-person interactions. Autism PDF
  3. Hechler, F. C., Toumanien, O., & Caruana, N. (2025). Autistic traits, gender and age interact to influence attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence. Computers in Human Behaviour Reports, 100847 PDF
  4. Hechler, F. C., Tidoni, E., Cross, E. S. & Caruana, N. (2025). The influence of human agency beliefs on ascribing gaze-signalled communicative intent. Scientific Reports, 15:36296 PDF
  5. Rehmer, L., Rehmer, T., Caruana, N. et al. (2025). Virtual Reality as a Pathway Towards More Inclusive Job Interviews with Autistic Persons – A Prototype. HMD PDF
  6. Leisten, L. M., Caruana, N., Cross, E. (2025). Teachers perceive distinct competencies profile in soft and hard social robots to support learning. Proceedings of RO-MAN 2025. PDF
  7. David, J., Stowe, M., Caruana, N. & Norberg, M. M. (2025). The 6-item specific object anthropomorphism scale: a new questionnaire for children and adults. PeerJ, 13:e20153 PDF
  8. Moffat, R., Cahill, H., Cross, E. S. & Caruana, N. (2025). Children with and without reading difficulty value robot reading companions that are smart, supportive, and personalised. Scientific Reports, 15:34178 PDF
  9. Caruana, N., Hechler, F., Cross, E. S., & Tidoni, E. (2025). The temporal context of eye contact influences perceptions of communicative intent. Royal Society Open Science PDF
  10. Alhasan, A., Karin, E., Caruana, N., Cross, E., Kaplan, D., Richardson, M. J. (2025)., Kinematics in context: Predicting other’s action intentions entails the perception of affordances. Cognition, 260, 106122 PDF
  11. Hechler, F., Tuomainen, O., Weber, N., Fahr, F., Karlek, B., Maroske, M., Misia, M. & Caruana, N. (2025). “What does ‘often’ even mean?” Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people. Molecular Autism, 16:7 PDF
2024
  1. Moffat, R., Caruana, N., & Cross, E. S. (2024). Inhibiting responses under the watch of a recently synchronized peer increases self-monitoring: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Open Biology 14:230382 PDF
  2. Caruana, N., Nalepka, P, Perez, G. A., Inkley, C., Munro, C., Rapaport, H., Brett, S., Kaplan, D. M., Pellicano, E. (2024). Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multigestural dyadic interactions. Autism PDF
​2023
  1. Alhasan, A. & Caruana, N. (2023). Evidence for the adaptive parsing of non-communicative eye movements during joint attention interactions. PeerJ PDF
  2. Caruana, N., Moffat, R., Miguel-Blanco, A, & Cross, E. (2023). Perceptions of intelligence & sentience shape children’s interactions with robot reading companions. Scientific Reports, 13, 7341PDF 
  3. Heyselaar, E., Caruana, N., Shin, M., Schilbach, L., & Cross, E. S. (2023). Editorial: Do we really interact with artificial agents as if they are human? Frontiers in Virtual Reality and Human Behaviour, 4 PDF 
  4. Caruana, N., & Cross, E. (2023). Autonomous social robots are real in the mind's eye of many. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, E26. PDF 
  5. Scandola, M., Cross, E. S., Caruana, N., & Tidoni, E. (2023). Body form modulates the prediction of human and artificial behaviour from gaze observation. International Journal of Social Robotics. PDF
2022
  1. Nalepka, P., Caruana, N., Kaplan, D. M., Kallen, R. W., Pellicano, E., & Richardson, M. J. (2022). Neurodiverse Human-Machine Interaction and Collaborative Problem-Solving in Social VR. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (HAI ’22), December 5–8, 2022, Christchurch, New Zealand. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3 pages. PDF 
  2. Caruana, N., Moffat, R., Miguel-Blanco, A, & Cross, E. S. (2022). Talk, Listen and Keep Me Company: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Children’s Perspectives Towards Robot Reading Companions. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (HAI ’22), December 5–8, 2022, Christchurch, New Zealand. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3 pages. PDF
  3. Rohlfing, K., Altvater-Mackensen, N., Caruana, N., et al. (2022). Social/dialogical roles of social robots in supporting children’s learning of language and literacy – A review and analysis of innovative roles.  Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9. PDF
  4. Graafsma, I. L., Marinus, E., Robidoux, S., Nickels, L., & Caruana, N. (2022). No evidence that autistic traits predict programming learning outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 100215. PDF
  5. Caruana, N., & Seymour, K. (2022). Objects that induce face pareidolia are prioritized by the visual system. British Journal of Psychology, 113(2), 496-507. PDF
2021
  1. Caruana, N., Inkley, C., Nalepka, P., Kaplan, D. M., & Richardson, M. J. (2021). Gaze facilitates responsivity during hand coordinated joint attention. Scientific Reports, 11. PDF
  2. Caruana, N. & Seymour, K. (2021). Rapid bottom-up processing of fearful expressions is intact in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry.  PDF
  3. Caruana, N., White, R. C., & Remington, A. (2021). Autistic traits and loneliness in autism are associated with increased tendencies to anthropomorphise. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. PDF
2020
  1. Caruana, N., Alhasan, A., Wagner, K., Kaplan, D. M., Woolgar, & McArthur, G. (2020). The effect of non-communicative eye movements on joint attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. PDF
  2. Caruana, N., Inkley, C. & El Zein, M.E. (2020). Gaze direction biases emotion categorisation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 21, 100181. PDF
2019
  1. Caruana, N., Inkley, C., El Zein, M.E. & Seymour, K. (2019) No influence of eye gaze on emotional face processing in the absence of conscious awareness. Scientific Reports, 9, 16198. PDF
  2. Sutherland, C. A., Rhodes, G., Williams, N., Connaughton, E., Ewing, L., Caruana, N. & Langdon, R. (2019). Appearance-based trust processing in schizophrenia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. PDF
  3. Caruana, N. & McArthur, G. (2019). The mind minds minds: The effect of intentional stance on the neural encoding of joint attention. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioural Neuroscience. PDF
  4. Caruana, N., Stein, T., Watson, T., Williams, N., & Seymour, K. (2019). Intact prioritisation of unconscious face processing in schizophrenia. Cognitive neuropsychiatry, 1-17. PDF
  5. Caruana, N., Seymour, K., Brock, J., & Langdon, R. (2019). Responding to joint attention bids in schizophrenia: An interactive eye-tracking study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. PDF
2018
  1. Hooper, J., Sutherland, C., Ewing, L., Langdon, R., Caruana, N., Connaughton, E., et al. (2018). Should I Trust You? Autistic Traits Predict Reduced Appearance-Based Trust Decisions. British Journal of Psychology. PDF
  2. Palmer*, C. J., Caruana*, N. (joint 1st), Clifford, C. W., & Seymour, K. J. (2018). Perceptual integration of head and eye cues to gaze direction in schizophrenia. Royal Society Open Science, 5(12), 180885. PDF
  3. Palmer*, C. J., Caruana*, N. (joint 1st), Clifford, C. W., & Seymour, K. J. (2018). Adaptive sensory coding of gaze direction in schizophrenia. Royal Society Open Science, 5(12), 180886. PDF
  4. Francis, A., Caruana, N., Hudson, J. L., & McArthur, G. (2018). The association between poor reading and internalising problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. PDF
  5. Caruana, N., Steiglitz Ham., H., Brock, J., Woolgar, A., Palermo, R., Kloth, N., & McArthur, G. (2018). Joint Attention Difficulties in Adults with Autism. Autism. PDF
2017
  1. Caruana, N. Spirou, D., & Brock, J. (2017). Human agency beliefs influence behaviour during virtual social interactions. PeerJ, 5, e3819. Doi:10.7717/peerj.3819 PDF
  2. Caruana, N., McArthur, G., Woolgar, A., & Brock, J. (2017). Simulating Social Interactions for the Experimental Investigation of Joint Attention. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 74, 115-125. PDF
  3. Caruana, N., McArthur, G., Woolgar, A., & Brock, J. (2017). Detecting Communicative Intent in a Computerised Test of Joint Attention. PeerJ 5:e2899. PDF
  4. Caruana, N., de Lissa, P., & McArthur, G. (2017). Beliefs About Human Agency Influence the Neural Processing of Gaze During Joint Attention. Social Neuroscience, 12(2), 194-206. PDF
2015
  1. Caruana, N., de Lissa, P., & McArthur, G. (2015). The Neural Time Course of Evaluating Self-initiated Joint Attention Bids. Brain and Cognition, 98, 43-52. PDF
  2. Caruana, N., Brock, J., & Woolgar, A. (2015). A Frontotemporoparietal Network Common to Initiating and Responding to Joint Attention Bids, NeuroImage, 108, 34-46. PDF
2014
  1. Caruana, N., & Brock, J. (2014): No association between autistic traits and contextual influences on eye-movements during reading. PeerJ 2:e466. PDF
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